How to select fluid package in Aspen Hysys

 

Table below provide a rough guide on selection of fluid package.

However, the guide doesn't provide a detail description in selection of   activity coefficient.

Source: Elliot, Liraj : Prentiice Hall , 1999

Non-intrusive type pig detector

 

Generally, pig detector is group by intrusive and non-intrusive type. For non-intrusive type pig, there is no mechanical part that required to be installed inside the pipeline.

Henceforth, it has a number of benefits:

1. Any type of PIG can be detected in both directions.

2. There are no mechanical moving parts resulting in low maintenance.

3. Non-intrusive design benefits include:

- No wetted parts

- No pipe pressure drop

- Easy to install (no tappings or welding required)

- No shutdown required for installation

4. Finally, it is easy to retrofit for existing installations with no need for modifications to the piping or PIG

The non-intrusive pig detector is an acoustic device. When a PIG travels through the pipe, the friction between the PIG and the pipe will generates a characteristic noise. This noise contains information that can be interpreted to gain more knowledge on the situation inside the pipe. The noise is detected and can be transformed into digital signal.

Image courtesy from Roxar Pig Detector catalogue. Emerson Process Management.

Typical process in refinery

• Fractionation (distillation) is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers into groups of hydrocarbon compounds of differing boiling-point ranges called "fractions" or "cuts."
• Conversion Processes change the size and/or structure of hydrocarbon molecules. These processes include:
  • Decomposition (dividing) by thermal and catalytic cracking;
  • Unification (combining) through alkylation and polymerization; and
  • Alteration (rearranging) with isomerization and catalytic reforming.
• Treatment Processes are intended to prepare hydrocarbon streams for additional processing and to prepare finished products. Treatment may include the removal or separation of aromatics and naphthenes as well as impurities and undesirable contaminants. Treatment may involve chemical or physical separation such as dissolving, absorption, or precipitation using a variety and combination of processes including desalting, drying, hydrodesulfurizing, solvent refining, sweetening, solvent extraction, and solvent dewaxing.
• Formulating and Blending is the process of mixing and combining hydrocarbon fractions, additives, and other components to produce finished products with specific performance properties.
• Other Refining Operations include: light-ends recovery, sour-water stripping, solid waste and wastewater treatment, process-water treatment and cooling, storage and handling, product movement, hydrogen production, acid and tail-gas treatment and sulfur recovery.
• Auxiliary Operations and Facilities include: steam and power generation, process and fire water systems, flares and relief systems, furnaces and heaters, pumps and valves, supply of steam, air, nitrogen, and other plant gases, alarms and sensors, noise and pollution controls, sampling, testing, and inspecting and laboratory, control room, maintenance, and administrative facilities.